ADHD Medication and Pregnancy
Psychiatrists are often approached by women who are trying for an infant or are expecting, and are concerned about the negative effects of their ADHD medication. The good news is that research suggests it is safe to take stimulant medications during pregnancy.
The research is based on naturalistic studies that included many first-trimester expositions.
Pregnancy
Women are ecstatic about their having a baby and expecting a baby However, they might be concerned about how their ADHD medication affects their child's future. Stimulant medications are known to have potential teratogenic effects and some physicians recommend patients to stop taking their medication when trying to conceive or during the first trimester of pregnancy. However, many individuals with ADHD require the benefits of their medication in order to function in daily life and may be unable to function without it during this period.
A recent study from Denmark found that exposure to methylphenidate in the first trimester (in the form of a redeemed medication) did not appear to increase the risk of malformations that cause major damage in comparison to the control group that did not receive redeemed medication during the first trimester. The study utilized registry data from Danish databases to identify pregnant women and their medication history as well as whether they were treated for ADHD.
Researchers observed 898 babies whose mothers were exposed to methylphenidate and other stimulants in the first trimester. They were compared to 1,270 babies in the control group who did not receive any stimulant medication, such as methylphenidate, in the first trimester pregnancy.
Both infant groups were examined for neurodevelopmental disorders of the psychiatric kind, other neurodevelopmental impairments, growth impairments, and fetal heart issues (such as gastroschisis, omphalocele or transverse limb deficiency). The results showed that babies born to women who were exposed to methylphenidate during pregnancy did not exhibit any higher rates as compared to controls. This was true both for the first and second pregnancy trimesters.
This is a good news finding that can be comforting to pregnant women who use ADHD medication and may need or desire to continue their treatment during pregnancy. This study did not evaluate the impact of lifestyle changes or other medications on the foetus. Other studies have demonstrated that there is a link between stimulant medications and adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as a caesarean birth, or the baby needing assistance to breathe upon birth.
Breastfeeding
Even when women who suffer from ADD or ADHD need to take medication to control their symptoms, they discover that breastfeeding benefits their baby. The mother and baby must be healthy and well-nourished. Therefore the decision about whether to breastfeed or use ADHD medications should be formulated with the assistance from a health professional. The most up-to-date guidelines and evidence1 suggest women do not need to stop breastfeeding in order to take her prescribed medication. Numerous studies have proven that the neurodevelopmental impacts on the infant's health in the long run are not significant when the mother takes her ADHD medication according to the prescription.
Stimulants like dexamfetamine and methylphenidate, are often used to treat ADHD. They are available in two forms: immediate release, that lasts for up to four hours; and extended release, which is taken daily in the morning and can last up to 16 hours. Many people with ADD or ADHD find the best way to manage their symptoms is to take an extended-release medicine in the evening or afternoon, and then supplement it with an immediate-release tablet.
Some medications are not compatible with breastfeeding, like clonidine, which reduces prolactin secretion and decreases production of milk. Some people suffering from ADD or ADHD aren't ready to stop breastfeeding due to this reason, and instead opt to switch their medication to another stimulant or non-stimulant such as atomoxetine or guanfacine. These medications have lower RIDs and are more likely to be covered under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. If you're thinking of changing your medication during pregnancy or nursing, it is important to speak with an GP or specialist. They can provide you with information on the most secure medications and how to monitor your infant's growth and weight. The doctor or specialist may also help with the referral to a psychiatrist or psychologist for further assistance. They can also refer to dietitians to assist in managing nutrition and diet.
Postpartum
During pregnancy, women undergo enormous hormonal, physical, and emotional changes in their physical, emotional and hormonal. The transition to motherhood can bring immense joy, excitement, and love, but also frustration or anxiety for some women. This is normal and it's crucial to seek assistance from relatives or her doctor, as well as mental health experts if the mother is struggling.
Having a baby can be exciting and a little overwhelming but there is no reason why a new mother should feel like she must do it all alone. Finding the balance isn't easy however, you can assist yourself by taking time to rest and get a good night's sleep. It is also important to schedule your postpartum checkups since they can identify any potential issues early.
Some women may experience a brief moment of anxiety or depression following the birth of their child, which is called the "baby blues." This is a fairly common occurrence and tends to go away in about a week or two. Some people experience feelings that are more intense and last longer. This is known as postpartum depressive disorder and is a condition that can be treated. If a woman suffered from anxiety or depression in the past and is at a higher risk to experience it again after giving birth.
In rare instances, women can develop postpartum psychiasis. This can be very risky for both mother and child. It is a psychiatric emergency that should be treated promptly. Treatment could consist of the use of medications and therapy. A therapist who has expertise in this illness can be very helpful. If the symptoms are severe electroconvulsive (ECT) therapy may be recommended.
In the event of postpartum psychiasis in a mother, her doctor will likely prescribe an antipsychotic medication such as lithium or Valproate as well as a mood stabilizer such as citalopram. They may also suggest a course of cognitive behavioural therapy to help with the underlying issues. Tricyclic antidepressants, such as nortriptyline and imipramine, are sometimes prescribed, but have serious adverse effects. They are typically prescribed if other treatments have failed.
Adolescence
Adolescence is an important time for physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development. It requires a transition from dependence on parents to a sense of independence when making decisions and deciding how to act in the world around them. Adolescents become interested in expanding their social circle beyond the immediate family, to include their friends, peers and acquaintances. Their social networks may also include people from team sports, student groups or jobs.
During adolescence the biological changes in brain connectivity and structure interact with increasing experience, knowledge and social demands which result in rapid cognitive growth. adhd treatment medication includes an increase in selective and divided attention (the ability to concentrate on multiple stimuli at once), working memory and long-term memory. Additionally, adolescents' ability to think abstractly and morally improves too.
These cognitive changes are coupled with hormonal changes that make adolescents more attracted by new and exciting experiences. Their hormones also force them to seek out experiences that elevate their status to other individuals. This desire for new experiences can be utilized in positive ways, such as by taking part in an upcoming school play or getting involved in a service project for the community. It can be used to take a healthy risk in exploring sexual behavior or other risky behaviors when they are in a supportive and secure environment.
The various rates of physical growth can cause awkward stages in adolescence and feelings of self-consciousness or anxiety about the changes in their bodies. In certain traditions, such as those of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, the adolescent years can be a time where young people establish their place in relation to their families, clans and nations, as well as their ancestors, tribes, and country.
Teens' relationships with their friends can be a source of strength or conflict during this time. These relationships are crucial for adolescents' health and can significantly impact their happiness and wellbeing. The relationships between adolescents and their parents can be a great source of assistance for them, especially when they can solve problems in a non-confrontational way.